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Photos: Galaxies

Milky Way, east to west

Posted: September 18th, 2009

See Explanation. Moving the cursor over the image will bring up an image of the Milky Way the way it woud look to our eyes.Clicking on the image will bring up the highest resolution version available of the photo version.
Larger "visual" version
Larger "photo" version

The image you see above is a mosaic of 10 different frames, each of them was acquired with either 5x5 minutes (around the Milky Way) or 5x3-4 minutes for the rest of the sky. The horizons are superimposed from two 3x1' shots, but they match both what was there and the orientation.

It's interesting to note that when I started shooting at the Sagittarius area, the Pleiades weren't even above the horizon, but by the time I've got to that part of the sky, they were already all the way up there.

Now, for the fun part, if you mouse over the image, you will see a digitally altered image of what our eyes could see that night, more or less. If you move the mouse out of the image, you see what the camera could catch. The idea is for those who have never seen the Milky Way from a very dark site, to give them an idea of what it would look like - so maybe they get excited about visiting a dark site and enjoy the night sky!

Have you ever been to a very dark site? I'd like to hear what you think. Do you see the image of the "visual" Milky Way too bright compared to what you see at a very dark site? Too dark? Perhaps the image is too "glowy"? Not enough contrast? Please let me know in the comments below!

Get a poster, t-shirt, mug, mousepad... with this image!

Andromeda (M31)

Posted: August 15th, 2009

See Explanation.Moving the cursor over the image will bring up an alternate version.
Original Image

DATE
August 15 and 16, 2009

PHOTO
Exposure time:
L: 18x5' & 10x20'
RGB: 10x5' each channel
Total: 7.3 hours
Focal: 500mm, f/5

EQUIPMENT
Imaging scope: FSQ106 EDX
Camera: STL11000
Guiding camera: StarShoot Autoguider
Mount: Takahashi EM400

SITE & CONDITIONS
Henry Coe State Park, California
Seeing: Very good
Transparency: Poor

SOFTWARE
Stacking: DeepSkyStacker
Processing: PixInsight & Photoshop

COMMENTS
This is a "mouseover" image that allow us to compare the image I took of M31 with the images taken by the Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope aboard NASA's Swift spacecraft of the same object.

First you see the Swift image (not mine!) and if you move your mouse over the image, you can then see the image I took. Moving the mouse in and out of the image you can compare the two images.

I did this to see how the details in the core of my image matched those details - whenever visible - in the Ultraviolet image from the Swift spacecraft.

Andromeda (M31)

Posted: August 15th, 2009


Bigger size: 3050x2174

DATE
August 15 and 16, 2009

PHOTO
Exposure time:
L: 18x5' & 10x20'
RGB: 10x5' each channel
Total: 7.3 hours
Focal: 500mm, f/5

EQUIPMENT
Imaging scope: FSQ106 EDX
Camera: STL11000
Guiding camera: StarShoot Autoguider
Mount: Takahashi EM400

SITE & CONDITIONS
Henry Coe State Park, California
Seeing: Very good
Transparency: Poor

SOFTWARE
Stacking: DeepSkyStacker
Processing: PixInsight & Photoshop

COMMENTS
M31 or Andromeda is without a doubt one of the most imaged objects of the sky, and one I knew I had to come back and try to get an image that at least escaped mediocrity. For that reason I focused on capturing an image that would allow me to get as many details as possible from the bright core that otherwise it tends to be either oversaturated or simply too bright to discern any details. I'm very happy with the results - with a fairly modest equipment I was able to scrap details out of the core that other images taken with much more expensive telescopes simply do not show.

I "blinked" several images from other authors - sometimes after a bit of tweaking to reveal the details in the core in such images - to make sure the details I was obtaining were not processing artifacts, and also made this animation:

Please note:

  • The quality of the images used in this animation is not great. In particular the "slides" from Tony Hallas and Robert Gendler are at a much lower resolution than the original images from these two fine astrophotographers. The purpose of this animation is not to compare the QUALITY of the images, but only to verify whether the details in my image are real or artifacts - or both.
  • Just because a particular image does not show more details in the core than another does NOT mean the image is of a lesser quality, not at all. Different images will have different goals when imaging M31 (or any other target). Again, the only reason to post these images is verify if the details in mine are real, not a competition to see who revealed more or less details.
  • To me, the most revealing comparison is the one with the image from Mark Jenkins and Roland Christen, and that's why I placed their "slide" right after the visualization of my image.
  • While none of my images are subject to traditional copyright and instead use a Creative Commons License, because this animation uses images subject to copyright by their authors as indicated in the next bullet, copy or reproduction of this animation is not allowed.
  • Portion of M31 image from Tony Hallas is Copyright by Tony and Daphne Hallas
    Portion of M31 image from Robert Gendler is Copyright by Robert Gendler
    Portion of M31 image from Vicent Peris and JL Lamadrid is Copyright by Vicent Peris and JL Lamadrid
    Portion of M31 image from from Mark Jenkins and Roland Christen is Copyright by Mark Jenkins and Roland Christen
  •  

Milky Way

Posted: June 22nd, 2009


Larger version

The view of the Milky Way at the 2009 Golden State Star Party was amazing. As such, I couldn't stop from taking this 5x5 exposure. ˇBeautiful! What you see is a composition of two images, one taken with the camera on the mount, and another one on a tripod. Despite being a composition, the scene is real in the sense that the image taken with the tripod (from where I used the scope/tent part of the composition) was taken so that the Milky Way was positioned right behind, as if the scope was pointing at it.

Get a poster, t-shirt, mug, mousepad... with this image!

M63

Posted: April 25th, 2009


Larger field: 1802x1257

DATE
April 25th, 2009

PHOTO
Exposure time:
L: 6x5', RGB: 4x5' each channel
Total: 90 minutes
Focal: 800mm, f/8

EQUIPMENT
Imaging scope: FSQ106 EDX w/ 1.6x extender
Camera: STL11000
Guiding camera: StarShoot Autoguider
Mount: Takahashi EM400

SITE & CONDITIONS
DARC Observatory, California
Seeing: Soft
Transparency: Soft

SOFTWARE
Stacking: DeepSkyStacker
Processing: PixInsight & Photoshop

COMMENTS
The night of 4/24 while "killing" time waiting for the main target of the night, I got some data from M104 and the galaxy shown here: M63.

It's not a jaw dropping image by all means, but considering it's only 90 minutes of data I think it turned out ok, and considering this kind of target is not ideal for the FSQ, I think it turned out much better than what I expected after seeing the calibrated image.

Sombrero Galaxy (M104)

Posted: April 25th, 2009


Reduced B/W field

DATE
April 25th, 2009

PHOTO
Exposure time:
L: 12x5', RGB: 4x5' each channel
Total: 2 hours
Focal: 800mm, f/8

EQUIPMENT
Imaging scope: FSQ106 EDX w/ 1.6x extender
Camera: STL11000
Guiding camera: StarShoot Autoguider
Mount: Takahashi EM400

SITE & CONDITIONS
DARC Observatory, California
Seeing: Soft
Transparency: Soft

SOFTWARE
Stacking: DeepSkyStacker
Processing: PixInsight & Photoshop

COMMENTS
On Saturday April 24th, since I had to wait over 3 hours for Rho Op. to show up,to "kill" time I captured some data from M104 (Sombrero Galaxy) and later some from M63 (not shown in this entry)with the FSQ 1.6x extender. What you see up there is a rotated crop at the original image size.

It was the first time I was using the extender and I only ranone V-curve with FocusMax, so the focusing wasn't great. In addition to that, in the middleof the session a really gusty wind started to blow for over 1 hour. Guiding became a bitjumpy at that time, but surprisingly all subs were usable.

800mm FL - which is what I get with the extender, plus f/8 focal ratio - is not the best focal length forthis object, but I cannot use my C9.25 until I get a new focuser for it (the JMI simply doesn't holdthe STL11k), so I figured I'd try it with the FSQ extender to see what came out.

Not an amazing shot, but still, better than the Sombrero I've got on June'08 (less than a year ago) with the NP101, the 40D and a BigBarlow, so I'm happy :-)

Oh and I didn't frame the object incorrectly. The original field is huge and what you see is a rotated & cropped version.I don't know... I felt like tilting the galaxy and placing it on the side.If you want to see a reduced version of the  original stretched luminance, click on the image, and you'll see how littlespce the galaxy actually occupies in the field of view.

M81, M82, IC2574 and IFN

Posted: April 18th, 2009


Bigger size: 1656x1193

DATE
April 18th, 2009

PHOTO
Exposure time:
L: 22x10'
RGB: 5x5' each channel
Total: 3.6 hours
Focal: 385mm, f/3.6

EQUIPMENT
Imaging scope: FSQ106 EDX w/ 0.7x focal reducer
Camera: STL11000
Guiding camera: StarShoot Autoguider
Mount: Takahashi EM400

SITE & CONDITIONS
DARC Observatory, California
Seeing: Excellent
Transparency: Excellent

SOFTWARE
Stacking: DeepSkyStacker
Processing: PixInsight & Photoshop

COMMENTS
This image is a reprocess done on March 2010 of the original image taken on April 2009

Whale, Hockey Stick and Mice galaxies

Posted: March 27th, 2009


Bigger field and size: 2799x1936

DATE
March 27th, 2009

PHOTO
Exposure time:
L: 9x10' (bin 1x1)
RGB: 4x5' each (bin 2x2)
Total: 2 1/2 hours
Focal: 530mm, f/5 

EQUIPMENT
Imaging scope: Takahashi FSQ 106 EDX
Camera: STL11000
Guiding camera: StarShoot Autoguider
Mount: Takahashi EM400

SITE & CONDITIONS
Henry Coe State Park, Morgan Hill, California
Seeing: Ok
Transparency: Average

SOFTWARE
Stacking: MaximDL
Processing: PixInsight & Photoshop

COMMENTS
Short session and even shorter time processing the image. I was trying to put in the same field of view both, the Whale galaxy with its classic companion galaxies, as well as the tiny Mice galaxies despite the mice would end up with about the same size as a bright star. If you cannot find the mice, they're around the top-left corner of the large image ;-) Don't look for it in the image above, as it's a crop of the entire feld of view, focusing on the Whale (NGC 4631) and Hockey Stick (NGC 4627) galaxies

This by the way is probably the last time I bin 2x2 for the RGBs. IMO, it's not worth it. Also, despite I spent processing the image not much longer than one hour, I think I over processed the main galaxies a bit more, and left the background a bit too dark.

Leo Triplet and NGC 3628 tidal tail

Posted: March 19th, 2009


Bigger size: 1776x1305

DATE
March 17,19,24 and 27, 2009

PHOTO
Exposure time:
L: 10x12' + 28x15'
RGB: 5x12' each
Total: 15 hours
Focal: 530mm, f/5 

EQUIPMENT
Imaging scope: Takahashi FSQ 106 EDX
Camera: STL11000
Guiding camera: StarShoot Autoguider
Mount: Takahashi EM400

SITE & CONDITIONS
Henry Coe State Park and Dinosaur Point
Seeing: Ok
Transparency: Average to very good, depending on the date and time

SOFTWARE
Stacking: MaximDL
Processing: PixInsight & Photoshop

COMMENTS

The Leo Triplet (also known as the M66 Group) is a small group of galaxies about 35 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. This galaxy group consists of the spiral galaxies M65, the M66, and the NGC 3628. Tidal and gravitational forces are acting between these galaxies, but even more interesting -at least to me- is the 300,000 light-years long tidal tail from NGC 3628.

You don't see often this tail in photographs. It is just so dim! As such, this image has been processed to show the tidal tail, but if the amount of light we see in this image coming from the tail as at that intensity, the light coming from the galaxies would be so strong that we wouldn't be able to see any details in the galaxies.

For this image, it was key to find a good balance between the quality of the sky and the length of the
exposures. I started taking 30 minutes subs, and I had to discard them because the sky glow would eat up
all the dim signal from the tail. That's why you see I used subs of 12 and 15 minutes. It turned out that both
worked well, unlike the 30 minutes subs, so I used both of those sets. In fact, afterfailing with the 30
minutes exposures, I tried 15 minutes and it worked well, soI settled for that, but one night the transparency
wasn't bad but not as good andI decided to go for 12 minutes that night.

Virgo Galaxy Cluster

Posted: January 31st, 2009

The above image is a crop of the area that shows the largest galaxies. Please click in one of the two links below to see the complete image at a bigger size.

Original size: 4004x2662
Bigger/Annotated size: 2328x1468

Closeup of the four "better looking" galaxies:

DATE
January 31st, 2009

PHOTO
Exposure time:
L: 5x8'
RGB: 3x3' each
Total: 67 minutes
Focal: 385mm, f/3.73

EQUIPMENT
Imaging scope: FSQ106 EDX with focal reducer
Camera: STL11000
Guiding camera: StarShoot Autoguider
Mount: Takahashi EM400

SITE & CONDITIONS
Henry Coe State Park, Morgan Hill, California
Seeing: Ok
Transparency: Ok

SOFTWARE
Calibration/Stacking: MaximDL
Processing: PixInsight & Photoshop

COMMENTS
Galaxy season is upon us, and as one would expect...

Last Saturday I went up to Coe to end up the RGBs of an image I've been trying to capture for weeks. Since I only needed a couple of hours for that, and I still had plenty of time to do something else (I started around 11pm and at 1am I was already finished), I decided to do a quick capture of the Virgo Galaxy Cluster, as it was already well positioned in the sky. I had the FSQ with the focal reducer, and although it's not usual to take this area with such a big field, I decided to leave the reducer in the scope. Kepe in mind however that at almost 5 arcsecs per pixel, the resolution and details cannot be too impressive. The RGBs aren't perfectly aligned, something I need to look into.

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